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Vol. 58. Núm. 2.
Páginas 95-99 (Febrero 2003)
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Vol. 58. Núm. 2.
Páginas 95-99 (Febrero 2003)
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Drepanocitosis: experiencia de un centro
Sickle cell anemia: experience in a center
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10775
M. Gómez-Chiari
Autor para correspondencia
martagochi@terra.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Hematología y Oncología. Hospital Materno-Infantil Vall d’Hebron.P.º Vall d’Hebron, 119-129. 08035 Barcelona. España
, J. Tusell Puigbert, J. Ortega Aramburu
Servicio de Hematología y Oncología. Hospital Materno-Infantil Vall d’Hebron. Barcelona. España
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Antecedentes

La drepanocitosis es una hemoglobinopatía estructural, recuente en poblacióe origen africano y raza negra, en la que los cambios morfológicos y físicos producidos en los eritrocitos son causa de episodios vasooclusivos a nivel de diferentes órganos y tejidos. Con motivo de los flujos migratorios la drepanocitosis es una enfermedad emergente en nuestro medio.

objetivo

Presentar la casuística de un hospital pediátrico: manifestacionesclínicas iniciales, complicaciones más frecuentesy tratamiento

Material y métodos

Estudio retrospectivo de 22 pacientes, menores de18 años de edad, diagnosticados de drepanocitosis (Hb S/S)desde enero de 1985 hasta diciembre de 2001. Se recogierondatos epidemiológicos, manifestaciones clínicas, complicaciones, resultados analíticos y tratamientos recibidos

Resultados

La media de edad fue de 39 meses; el 54 % de los niñosfue diagnosticado antes de los 2 años de vida. No hubo diferenciaentre ambos sexos y la nacionalidad de origenmás frecuente fue Gambia (32 %), seguida de Marruecos(23 %) y Senegal (18 %), incluyendo otros países africanosy centroamericanos, aunque el 53 % de los pacientes habíanacido en España. El motivo de consulta más frecuente fuecrisis vasooclusiva de localización abdominal (45 %). Lasinfecciones fueron las complicaciones más frecuentes yel 13,7 % sufrieron un accidente cerebrovascular. El28% de los pacientes diagnosticados antes de los 2 añospresentaron complicaciones. Once pacientes recibierontratamiento con hidroxiurea por crisis vasooclusivas recurrentescon resultado favorable; un paciente fue esplenectomizadoy otro recibió un trasplante alogénico de hermano HLA (antígeno de histocompatibilidad) idéntico conexcelente resultado

Conclusiones

El estudio reproduce lo descrito en la literatura médicade países donde la enfermedad presenta una elevada prevalencia La morbilidad puede minimizarse mediante el diagnósticoy tratamiento preventivo precoz y una buena asistenciamédica. Dada la creciente incidencia creemos aconsejableutilizar pruebas de cribado en población de reciénnacidos de raza negra y etnia africana, consejo genético yla instauración de guías de tratamiento para ser utilizadasen centros de asistencia primaria y unidades hospitalariasde urgencias

Palabras clave:
Drepanocitosis
Hidroxiurea
Hemoglobinopatía
Background

Sickle cell anemia is a structural hemoglobinopathy inwhich morphological and physical changes in erythrocytescause vaso-occlusive episodes in various organs andtissues. The disease is common among blacks and theAfrican population. As a result of the growing migratoryflow, this is an emerging disease in Spain

Objective

To present the casuistics of a pediatric hospital: clinicalonset, the most frequent features and complications, andtreatment

Material and methods

We performed a retrospective study of 22 patients agedless than 18 years old diagnosed with sickle cell anemiabetween January 1985 and December 2001. Epidemiologicdata, symptoms, complications, blood test results, treatment,and response were recorded

Results

The mean age of the patients was 39 months. In 54 %, diagnosiswas established before the age of 2 years. No differenceswere found in sex. The countries of origin wereGambia in 32 %, Morocco in 23 %, and Senegal in 18 % aswell as other African and Central America countries; 53%of the children were born in Spain. The most commoncomplaint was vaso-occlusive pain localized in the abdomen(45 %). The most frequent complications were in-fections and 13.7 % suffered stroke. Twenty-eight percentof the patients diagnosed before the age of 2 years presentedcomplications. Eleven patients received hydroxyureafor recurrent vaso-occlusive crises with favorableresults; one patient underwent splenectomy and anotherreceived an allogenic bone marrow transplant from anHLA-identical brother with excellent results.

Conclusions

This study reproduces the data described in the literaturefrom countries with a high prevalence of the disease.Morbidity could be minimized by early diagnosis and preventivetreatment and good healthcare. Given the increasingincidence of the disease, screening of black andAfrican neonates and genetic counseling are recommendedtogether with guidelines for prompt and appropriatetreatment in primary health centers and emergency departments

Key words:
Sickle-cell disease
Hydroxyurea
Hemoglobinopathy
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