TY - JOUR T1 - Tuberculosis treatment for children: An update JO - Anales de Pediatría (English Edition) T2 - AU - Mellado Peña,María José AU - Santiago García,Begoña AU - Baquero-Artigao,Fernando AU - Moreno Pérez,David AU - Piñeiro Pérez,Roi AU - Méndez Echevarría,Ana AU - Ramos Amador,José Tomás AU - Gómez-Pastrana Durán,David AU - Noguera Julian,Antoni SN - 23412879 M3 - 10.1016/j.anpede.2017.05.001 DO - 10.1016/j.anpede.2017.05.001 UR - https://www.analesdepediatria.org/en-tuberculosis-treatment-for-children-an-articulo-S2341287917302041 AB - Tuberculosis (TB) is the most important infectious disease all over the world, with a high morbidity and mortality. Paediatric tuberculosis has been a neglected epidemic, due to the difficulties in assessing its global impact, reduced incidence and lower infectivity compared to adults. In 2015, the WHO reported 1 million cases of paediatric TB and 169,000 deaths. In Europe, the emergence of MDR TB is a major concern, representing 16% of the new diagnosis in Eastern Europe. In 2014, it was estimated that about 219,000 children were infected by MDR-TB-strains in Europe, and 2120 developed the disease. Spain is the Western European country with more paediatric cases, with an incidence 4.3/100,000 inhabitants in 2014. Paediatric tuberculosis mortality in Spain is rare, but extra-pulmonary disease is associated with significant complications. The prevalence of paediatric drug resistant TB in Spain is over 4%, higher than the estimated incidence in adult population, representing mayor difficulties for therapeutic intervention. These data reveal that paediatric TB is still a Public Health priority in our country.The difficulties in diagnosis and the lack of optimal paediatric drug formulations are the major challenges for controlling the childhood's tuberculosis epidemic. A group of national paeditric TB experts has reviewed the international guidelines and the most recent evidences, and has established new recommendations for the management of paediatric TB contacts, latent infection and active TB disease, especially focused in drug resistant cases. This document replaces the former national guidelines from the Spanish Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases, although the prior recommendations on the diagnosis remain valid. ER -