TY - JOUR T1 - Level of exposure to fluorides by the consumption of different types of milk in residents from an area of Mexico with endemic hydrofluorosis JO - Anales de Pediatría (English Edition) T2 - AU - Valdez Jiménez,Liliana AU - Calderón Hernández,Jaqueline AU - Córdova Atilano,Rosa Isela AU - Sandoval Aguilar,Selene Yasmín AU - Alegría Torres,Jorge Alejandro AU - Costilla Salazar,Rogelio AU - Rocha Amador,Diana SN - 23412879 M3 - 10.1016/j.anpede.2019.04.001 DO - 10.1016/j.anpede.2019.04.001 UR - https://www.analesdepediatria.org/en-level-exposure-fluorides-by-consumption-articulo-S2341287919300742 AB - IntroductionSeveral studies have shown the presence of fluorosis (DF) in primary dentition, suggesting an exposure to fluorides (F−) in early childhood. Breast milk is recommended as an exclusive food until 6 months of age. Although it is mentioned that only a small amount of F− can be eliminated by breast milk, studies have shown the presence of this element in milk of women living in contaminated areas, as well as in infant formulas. The objective of this project was to evaluate the exposure level to F− through milk in children living in an area with endemic hydrofluorosis. MethodologyThe study included 110 children between 6 and 36 months of age from the municipality of Lagos de Moreno, Jalisco. Water samples were collected from the homes, as well as samples of milk (maternal, formula, whole or raw), and urine. Measurements were made with a selective ion electrode. The exposure level of F− for milk intake was calculated using the Oracle Crystal Ball package. ResultsLevels greater than the reference level for DF were observed in infant formula reconstituted with public supply water, pasteurised cow's milk (whole) and untreated cow's milk treatment (raw) in the 90th, 70th, and 50th percentile, respectively, with a correlation being found between the levels of F− in milk and F− in urine (r=0.41, P<0.001). ConclusionsThe identification of sources of F− in the early stages of child development could reduce the risk of developing DF. ER -