OriginalExposición prenatal y posnatal al tabaco y síntomas respiratorios y alérgicos en los primeros años de vidaPerinatal Exposure to Tobacco and Respiratory and Allergy Symptoms in First Years of Life
Section snippets
Introducción
Las enfermedades respiratorias infantiles son extremadamente frecuentes y representan un alto porcentaje de morbilidad, visitas médicas e ingresos hospitalarios, así como un elevado coste económico para la sanidad pública1. Las causas más frecuentes de las enfermedades respiratorias de las vías bajas son las infecciones y el asma. El asma constituye un importante problema de salud pública mundial, ya que es la afección crónica pediátrica más frecuente, con una prevalencia alta, que está en
Pacientes y métodos
Se crearon 3 cohortes, entre 1994 y 1998, en otras tantas localizaciones de Europa: Ashford (Reino Unido), Barcelona y Menorca. Se realizó un seguimiento de todos los niños incluidos en el estudio desde el embarazo hasta el cuarto año de vida mediante cuestionarios anuales para obtener información sobre el consumo de tabaco de los padres antes, durante y después del embarazo, y sobre los síntomas respiratorios y alérgicos que presentaban los niños. Al nacer y al cuarto año de vida se tomaron
Resultados
En la cohorte de Ashford se incluyó a 634 madres y 642 niños; en la de Barcelona, a 480 madres y 487 niños, y en la de Menorca, a 475 madres y 482 niños.
Infecciones respiratorias
Los datos obtenidos en nuestro estudio indican que el tabaquismo durante el embarazo aumenta la prevalencia de hospitalizaciones por infección respiratoria de las vías bajas especialmente en los primeros 2 años de vida, y este efecto es independiente de la exposición posnatal al tabaco, de acuerdo con otros autores8.
Otros estudios concluyen que la exposición posnatal influye decisivamente en la presentación de infecciones respiratorias y que el tabaquismo durante el embarazo sólo representa un
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Infants' indoor and outdoor residential exposure to benzene and respiratory health in a Spanish cohort
2017, Environmental PollutionCitation Excerpt :The parental questionnaire used in this study to assess respiratory health in infants has not been validated to date. Nevertheless, it has been used in several studies (Atkinson et al., 1999; Sunyer et al., 2004; Polk et al., 2004; Fríguls et al., 2009; Esplugues et al., 2011; Fuentes-Leonarte et al., 2015) since the European study AMICS began (1994–1998). Among other conditions, it covers the most frequent respiratory symptoms and problems for infants.
Wheezing and risk factors in the first year of life in Cantabria, Spain. The EISL study
2015, Allergologia et ImmunopathologiaCitation Excerpt :The association identified between RW and antecedents of maternal asthma, paternal asthma and asthma in the siblings is consistent with the observations of other authors,13,21,28 and some studies moreover point to asthma among the parents (fundamentally maternal asthma) as a major risk factor for atopic wheezing risk in nursing infants.29 In line with the extensive literature relating maternal smoking during pregnancy and tobacco smoke exposure to the development of wheezing in children,6,9,13,30 our study confirms the association between smoking and both overall wheezing and to RW and SW considered individually. On analysing the data according to smoking in each trimester of pregnancy, we have been able to confirm this correlation in all cases except between maternal smoking in the last trimester of pregnancy and RW – probably because of the relatively small number of mothers who smoke, and the fact that no objective method for the detection of smoking was used.
Tobacco consumption during pregnancy
2014, Medicina ClinicaSmoking intervention in patients with cardiovascular diseases
2013, Atencion PrimariaAsthma in late adolescents of Western Mexico: Prevalence and associated factors
2013, Archivos de Bronconeumologia