Elsevier

Dermatologic Clinics

Volume 37, Issue 2, April 2019, Pages 149-157
Dermatologic Clinics

What’s New in Photoprotection: A Review of New Concepts and Controversies

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.det.2018.11.003Get rights and content

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Key points

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    Recent advances, including the discovery of delayed production of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and biologic effects of visible light, have resulted in a more thorough understanding of the mechanisms of photodamage.

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    Systemic and topical photoprotective agents, including antioxidants and photolyases, may provide additional protection against both cumulative UV radiation and visible light-induced photodamage.

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    Although data are still evolving, the safety and environmental impact of organic/chemical

Dark Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers Formation

Melanin has traditionally been thought to be protective against UVR-induced DNA damage and skin cancer development. However, it has been recently found that, in a murine model, melanin may also be carcinogenic by contributing to the formation of CPDs, even after the completion of UV-A radiation. When melanin is exposed to UV-A, it induces superoxide and nitric oxide production, which causes degradation of melanin and excitation of melanin derivatives into their high-energy state.3 It is

UV Blocked Versus Transmitted

SPF is a well-known term used to communicate how effective a sunscreen is in protecting against erythema-induced radiation (EIR). An incorrect misconception made by many is generalizing that SPFs beyond 30 provides only minimal additional protection.31, 32 This misconception might stem from the way that SPF is commonly presented as percent of EIR absorbed and not percent of EIR transmitted. This approach is misleading because only photons that are transmitted are absorbed and have biologic

Summary

Recent advances in photomedicine, including the discovery of delayed production of CPDs and biologic effects of visible light, have resulted in a more thorough understanding of the mechanisms of photodamage. These discoveries open the door for additional therapeutic options, including systemic photoprotective agents and additional topical agents including antioxidants and photolyases. Proper education of the public should continue to be done on photoprotection, which includes seeking shade when

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    Disclosure Statement: D.G. Yeager has no conflicts of interest to disclose. H.W. Lim is an investigator/coinvestigator for Ferndale, Estee Lauder, Allergan, and Incyte. Dr Lim has served as a speaker at an education sessions organized by Pierre Fabre.

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