Original articleGrowth and Bone Mineralization in Preterm Infants Fed Preterm Formula or Standard Term Formula after Discharge
Section snippets
Study Design and Protocol
For this multicenter (2 tertiary care neonatal units located in Lyon and Montpellier, France), double-blind, prospective, randomized study, we recruited preterm infants with birth weight < 1750 g, gestational age of 33 weeks or less, and no major congenital malformations. According to the usual feeding protocol, all infants received human milk (fortified in those with milk intake > 70 mL/kg/day). When an infant's body weight reached 1500 g, the human milk feeding was switched progressively
Results
A total of 49 infants born between October 2001 and May 2004 were randomized, 23 to the PF group and 26 to the TF group (Figure 1; available at www.jpeds.com). There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 feeding groups at birth and at inclusion (Table II). There were 8 males in the PF group and 13 males in the TF group (P = .28). Birth weight SDS was −0.55 (1.54) in the PF group and −0.62 (1.37) in the TF group (P = .62). In the PF group, 21.7% (n = 5) of the infants were
Discussion
We found that BMC and growth were significantly greater in the preterm infants fed PF than in those fed a standard TF. A beneficial effect has not been systematically reported with the use of a moderately enriched (postdischarge) formula3, 15 but has been observed in subjects fed a PDF with higher protein and energy content.9, 11 Our analysis was not performed on an intention-to-treat basis, because some patients were lost to follow-up. However, loss to follow-up did not bias the study, because
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Associated neonatal and maternal factors of osteopenia of prematurity in low resource setting: A cross-sectional study
2021, Annals of Medicine and SurgeryCitation Excerpt :Preterm formula provides calcium content to 100–150 mg/100 mL (50–60% absorption rate) and phosphorus content to 55–65 mg/100 mL (90% absorption rate) [25,26]. Calcium and phosphorus content in preterm formula is higher than standard formula, therefore, preterm formula is recommended to increase bone mineralization in preterm [27]. In effort to optimize the nutritional support of breast milk even without fortification, this study administered oral vitamin D supplementation of 400 IU on daily basis to attain the requirements of bone mineralization in premature infants [28].
Follow-up protocol for newborns of birthweight less than 1500 g or less than 32 weeks gestation
2018, Anales de PediatriaPost-discharge formula feeding in preterm infants: A systematic review mapping evidence about the role of macronutrient enrichment
2016, Clinical NutritionCitation Excerpt :Mean gestational age ranged from 26 to 34.3 weeks and mean birth weights from 870 to 1990 g. Consequently, body weight at intervention start varied highly (1220 – 3210 g) with most values in the range of 2.0 – 2.5 kg. Seven studies investigated small-for-gestational age (SGA) populations only, defined using differing criteria (Agosti, 2003; Amesz, 2010; Atkinson, 2004A; Roggero, 2011; Roggero, 2012; Taroni, 2009; Vegni, 1997) [3,6,7,58,59,61,63], but in other studies 10 – 45% of the study population was SGA (Chan, 1994; Jeon, 2011; Lucas, 2001; Picaud, 2008; Pittaluga, 2011; Raupp, 1997) [14,38,47,54,56,57]. One study included appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) male subjects only (Agosti, 1999) [2].
Probiotics and growth in preterm infants: A randomized controlled trial, PREMAPRO study
2016, Clinical NutritionCitation Excerpt :At a corrected GA of 41 weeks, a whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan (Hologic QDR 4500A, Infant WB software; Hologic Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) was performed to assess bone mineral content, soft tissue composition. As the study took place in three different units, quality control of the bone mineral content and soft tissue measurements was carried out using our all-solid DEXA phantoms [18,19]. Enteral and parenteral intakes were prospectively recorded daily, allowing the calculation of total daily energy (kcal/kg·d) and protein (g/kg·d) intakes.
Working group reports: Evaluation of the evidence to support practice guidelines for nutritional care of preterm infants-the Pre-B Project
2016, American Journal of Clinical NutritionPost-discharge nutrition for the preterm infant
2013, Journal of Neonatal Nursing
Supported by the French Ministry of Health's Program for Clinical Research in Hospitals and by Nestlé France. The authors have no potential conflicts of interest to declare.