Original ArticleGestational Diabetes Mellitus, Maternal Obesity, and Adiposity in Offspring
Section snippets
Methods
Participants are the index offspring of probands who participated in our BetaGene Study, which included women with documented GDM and age-, ethnicity-, postpartum BMI-, and parity-matched women with documented normal glucose levels in pregnancy. Details on the original BetaGene Cohort are described by Black et al.13 All study participants are self-reported Mexican American, as defined by at least three-quarters of grandparents of Mexican descent. Mothers were contacted by phone calls, and
Results
Sixty-two mother-child pairs participated in the study, 37 with GDM and 25 without GDM (Table I). During the index pregnancy from which the offspring were born, maternal age was ∼1 year lower in the GDM group. Participant-reported maternal weight before pregnancy, weight gain during pregnancy, and duration of breastfeeding after pregnancy were similar between groups. None of the mothers smoked during the index pregnancy. A greater fraction of infants in the GDM group were male, and that group
Discussion
We found that offspring of Mexican American mothers with GDM had greater BMI and waist and hip circumferences compared with offspring of non-GDM mothers. The differences were not explained by differences in maternal BMI and likely reflect greater adiposity in the GDM-exposed offspring.
Some previous studies have found that adjustments for maternal prepregnancy BMI attenuated associations between intrauterine exposure to GDM and childhood adiposity.3, 6 In contrast to these reports, we found that
References (22)
- et al.
The impact of in utero exposure to diabetes on childhood body mass index growth trajectories: the EPOCH study
J Pediatr
(2011) - et al.
Impact of gestational diabetes mellitus on pubertal changes in adiposity and metabolic profiles in latino offspring
J Pediatr
(2013) - et al.
Validity of self-report of pubertal maturation in early adolescents
J Adolesc Health
(1992) - et al.
Prevalence of obesity and trends in the distribution of body mass index among US adults, 1999-2010
JAMA
(2012) - et al.
Gestational diabetes and subsequent growth patterns of offspring: the National Collaborative Perinatal Project
Matern Child Health J
(2012) - et al.
The diabetic pregnancy and offspring BMI in childhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Diabetologia
(2011) - et al.
Intrauterine exposure to diabetes conveys risks for type 2 diabetes and obesity: a study of discordant sibships
Diabetes
(2000) - et al.
Association of existing diabetes, gestational diabetes and glycosuria in pregnancy with macrosomia and offspring body mass index, waist and fat mass in later childhood: findings from a prospective pregnancy cohort
Diabetologia
(2010) Long-term outcomes in mothers diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus and their offspring
Clin Obstet Gynecol
(2007)- et al.
Intrauterine exposure to maternal diabetes is associated with higher adiposity and insulin resistance and clustering of cardiovascular risk markers in Indian children
Diabetes Care
(2010)
Overweight and the metabolic syndrome in adult offspring of women with diet-treated gestational diabetes mellitus or type 1 diabetes
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
Cited by (63)
Glycemic qualification rate and frequency of self-monitoring blood glucose glycemic qualification rate and frequency of self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
2020, Diabetes Research and Clinical PracticeCitation Excerpt :Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition in which carbohydrate intolerance develops during pregnancy [1]. GDM is associated with several short- and long-term adverse outcomes including preterm birth, cesarean section, neonatal hypoglycemia during the perinatal period and a high risk of developing metabolic disease in subsequent years [2–4]. Dietary modification and blood glucose (BG) monitoring are first-line treatments for women with GDM and should be insisted on upon diagnosis [1,5].
In utero exposure to maternal diabetes or hypertension and childhood hypothalamic gliosis
2024, International Journal of ObesityExposure to Gestational Diabetes and BMI Trajectories Through Adolescence: The Exploring Perinatal Outcomes Among Children Study
2023, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and MetabolismDifferent intensities of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus
2023, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Supported by the National Institutes of Health (K23 DK092702, UL1 RR031986, KL2 RR031991), American Heart Association (12CRP9430059), Robert E. and May R. Wright Foundation, and the James H. Zumberge Foundation. Study data were collected and managed using the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) database in collaboration with Southern California Clinical and Translational Science Institute. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.