Cardiología pediátrica y cardiopatías congénitas: del feto al adultoPediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease: From Fetus to Adult

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Resumen

Presentamos una revisión de algunos de los artículos más significativos publicados en el área de las cardiopatías congénitas y la cardiología pediátrica durante 2010 y hasta septiembre de 2011, con especial interés en los relacionados con los cambios demográficos que se han producido en esta población y con la necesidad de realizar la transición de estos pacientes desde los servicios de cardiología pediátrica a los de adulto. Ello ha dado lugar a la aparición de nuevas áreas de interés, como el embarazo en mujeres con una cardiopatía congénita y el papel que los factores genéticos pueden tener en la etiología y la transmisión de determinadas anomalías. Asimismo, y con el objetivo de precocidad diagnóstica y, de ser posible, terapéutica, se revisan algunos artículos relacionados con la cardiología fetal. Seguidamente se mencionan las nuevas aportaciones en el síndrome de Eisenmenger y las arritmias, así como en técnicas de imagen, cateterismo intervencionista y trasplante cardiaco; finalmente se alude a la nueva versión de las guías de práctica clínica sobre el manejo del paciente adulto con una cardiopatía congénita y a la recientemente publicada guía sobre el embarazo de mujeres con cardiopatía, ambas procedentes de la Sociedad Europea de Cardiología.

Abstract

This article contains a review of some of the most important publications on congenital heart disease and pediatric cardiology that appeared in 2010 and up until September 2011. Of particular interest were studies on demographic changes reported in this patient population and on the need to manage the patients’ transition from the pediatric to the adult cardiology department. This transition has given rise to the appearance of new areas of interest: for example, pregnancy in women with congenital heart disease, and the effect of genetic factors on the etiology and transmission of particular anomalies. In addition, this review considers some publications on fetal cardiology from the perspective of early diagnosis and, if possible, treatment. There follows a discussion on new contributions to Eisenmenger's syndrome and arrhythmias, as well as on imaging techniques, interventional catheterization and heart transplantation. Finally, there is an overview of the new version of clinical practice guidelines on the management of adult patients with congenital heart disease and of recently published guidelines on pregnancy in women with heart disease, both produced by the European Society of Cardiology.

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