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Vol. 56. Issue 4.
Pages 298-303 (01 April 2002)
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Vol. 56. Issue 4.
Pages 298-303 (01 April 2002)
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Aspectos epidemiológicos de la hiperreactividad bronquial inducida por el ejercicio en niños de 13–14 años en Barcelona
Epidemiological features of exercise-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children aged 13–14 years old in Barcelona (Spain)
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R.M.a Busquets Monge
Corresponding author
13018@imas.imim.es

Correspondencia: Unidad de Neumología Infantil. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital del Mar. P° Marítimo, 25–29. 08003 Barcelona.
, O. Vall Combelles, M.A. Checa Vizcaíno, O. García Algar
Unidad de Neumología Infantil. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital del Mar. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona.
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Antecedentes

No hay datos concluyentes sobre los factores de riesgo que modifican de alguna forma la hiperreactividad bron-quial después de haber expuesto la vía respiratoria a un factor modulador, como histamina, metacolina o ejercicio. Algunos factores como la contaminación ambiental o las propias infecciones, en determinadas circunstancias, po-drían ser factores protectores más que de riesgo para desarrollar hiperreactividad bronquial.

Objetivos

Determinar la prevalencia de la hiperreactividad bronquial inducida por el ejercicio en niños de edad escolar y su asociación con diferentes factores de riesgo.

Métodos

Se estudiaron 3.033 niños de 13 a 14 años de edad. Los participantes respondieron a un cuestionario sobre síntomas respiratorios y un total de 2.842 niños realizaron una prueba de reactividad bronquial al ejercicio. Este estudio forma parte del Estudio Internacional de Asma y Alergia en la Infancia (ISAAC).

Resultados

En 324 niños (11,4%) se observó un descenso del flujo espiratorio máximo mayor o igual al 15% después del ejercicio y 29 (9%) presentaron síntomas clínicos de asma. La hiperreactividad bronquial se asoció de manera significativa con menor edad, sexo femenino, nivel socioeconómico más alto y asistir a una escuela privada.

No se observó asociación entre hiperreactividad bronquial y obesidad, tabaco e infecciones virales.

Conclusiones

Estos hallazgos no son totalmente consistentes con otros estudios, lo que hace pensar que existen factores lo-cales medioambientales que pueden influir en la prevalencia de hiperreactividad bronquial y serían necesarios más estudios para clarificar estas contradicciones.

Palabras clave:
Hiperreactividad bronquial
Ejercicio
Asma
Prevalen-cía
ISAAC
Background

Conclusive data on the risk factors that modify bron-chial hyperresponsiveness after airway exposure to mo-dulating triggers (histamine, methacholine and exercise) are lacking. In recent years some risk factors such as air pollution or infection have been questioned and even considered protective.

Objectives

To assess the prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsive-ness to exercise among schoolchildren and its association with different risk factors

Methods

Three thousand thirty-three schoolchildren aged 13–14 years were studied. Participants answered a questionnai-re on respiratory symptoms. A total of 2,842 children un-derwent exercise challenge testing for bronchial hype-rresponsiveness. This study was part of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC).

Results

A fall in peak expiratory flow rate of (15 % after exercise was found in 324 children (11.4%), of whom 29 (9%) also presented symptoms of asthma. Bronchial hyperresponsi-veness to exercise was significantly associated with lower age, female sex, high socioeconomic level and attending a private school. No association was found between bronchial hyperresponsiveness and obesity, tobacco or viral infections.

Conclusions

These findings are not completely consistent with those of other studies, suggesting that local environmental factors may influence the prevalence of bronchial hype-rresponsiveness. Further studies are required to clarify these conflicting data.

Key words:
Bronchial reactivity
Exercise
Asthma
Prevalence
ISAAC
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Copyright © 2002. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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