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Images in Paediatrics
Paediatric secondary trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia: While rare, it exists
Cefalea trigémino-autonómica secundaria pediátrica: la rareza existe
Maria Inês Linharesa,
Corresponding author
inesrclinhares@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Joana Amarala, Rui Pedro Paisb, Filipe Palavraa,c
a Unidad de Neuropediatría, Centro de Desarrollo Infantil, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
b Unidad de Neuroimagen, Servicio de Imagen Médica, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
c Instituto de Investigação Clínica e Biomédica de Coimbra (iCBR), Facultad de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Cefalea trig&#233;mino-auton&#243;mica secundaria pedi&#225;trica&#58; la rareza existe"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Prominent cranial autonomic features &#40;ptosis&#44; conjunctival injection&#44; lachrymation and rhinorrhoea&#41;&#44; unilateral and ipsilateral to the headaches&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias &#40;TACs&#41; are a group of infrequent primary headaches characterised by unilateral pain with trigeminal distribution associated with ipsilateral cranial autonomic symptoms&#44; based on the definition of the International Headache Classification&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Few cases have been described in the paediatric population&#44; and lack of knowledge on the subject may result in misdiagnosis and delayed treatment&#46; Much less frequently&#44; an underlying lesion can cause symptoms like those of TAC&#44; something that is not easily differentiated and whose recognition is of vital importance&#44; as it may affect the treatment and outcome of the patient&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> In this article&#44; we present two cases in boys aged 6 and 8 years&#44; both with neurofibromatosis type 1 &#40;NF1&#41;&#44; who started to have recurrent short-lived unilateral headaches associated with ipsilateral autonomic features&#44; such as conjunctival injection&#44; lachrymation&#44; ptosis and rhinorrhoea &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; In both cases&#44; the contrast-enhanced MRI scan detected the presence of pontomedullary low-grade gliomas &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0010">Figs&#46; 2 and 3</a>&#41;&#46; The first one responded favourably to treatment with indomethacin&#44; which&#44; combined with the short duration of the episodes &#40;&#60;30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutes&#41; led to a presumptive diagnosis of symptomatic chronic paroxysmal hemicrania&#46; The second patient&#44; who suffered cluster headaches lasting 2 to 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours with a frequency ranging from every other day to eight times a day&#44; was treated with chemotherapy&#44; radiotherapy and surgical resection&#44; and had a favourable outcome&#46; These two cases illustrate that&#44; although it is extremely rare&#44; a &#8220;classical&#8221; presentation does not rule out the presence of an underlying disease causing the symptoms&#46; Strictly speaking&#44; the association of space-occupying lesions in the hypothalamic-pituitary region with TAC had already been described&#44; but the cases we present underscore the important role that the trigeminal nucleus and trigeminovascular system may play in the pathophysiology of these headaches&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Understanding and interpreting the underlying mechanisms requires knowledge of neuroanatomy&#44; and the evaluation of any patient with a diagnosis of NF1 presenting with symptoms suggestive of TAC should include neuroimaging tests&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Magnetic resonance image of the head showing a pontomedullary low-grade glioma on the right side &#40;arrow&#41; involving the sensory nuclei of the trigeminal nerve &#40;Case 1&#41;&#46; &#40;A&#41; T2-weighted coronal view&#46; &#40;B&#41; T2-weighted sagittal view&#46;</p>"
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                      "titulo" => "The International Classification of Headache Disorders&#44; 3rd edition"
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                            0 => "Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society"
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                      "titulo" => "Pediatric-onset trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias&#58; a systematic review and meta-analysis"
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                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
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ISSN: 23412879
Original language: English
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