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Vol. 56. Issue 4.
Pages 304-309 (01 April 2002)
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Vol. 56. Issue 4.
Pages 304-309 (01 April 2002)
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Medida de la respuesta bronquial a la metacolina en niños asmáticos mediante la auscultación traqueal
Agreement between tracheal auscultation and pulmonary function in methacholine bronchial inhalation challenge in asthmatic children
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C. de Frutos Martíneza,
Corresponding author
aneumoin@chdo.osakidetza.net

Correspondencia: Unidad de Neumología Infantil. Edificio Materno-Infantil. Hospital Donostia. P.a del Dr. Beguiristain, s/n. 20014 San Sebastián.
, E. González Pérez-Yarzaa, A. Aldasoro Ruiza, J.I. Emparanza Knörrb, M. Callén Blecuac, J. Mintegui Aramburua
a Unidades de Neumología Infantil y Hospital Donostia. San Sebastián.
b Unidades de Epidemiología e Investigación. Hospital Donostia. San Sebastián.
c CAP de Amara Centro. San Sebastián. Servicio Vasco de Salud-Osakidetza.
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Antecedentes

La PC wheezing (PCw) o concentración de metacolina que provoca sibilancias auscultables en tráquea parece ser un parámetro válido de la respuesta bronquial mediante el test de metacolina (TMCh).

Objetivo

Evaluar la concordancia entre la concentración de metacolina que produce un descenso del 20 % del volumen espiratorio máximo al primer segundo (FEV1, PC20) y PCw en el TMCh en niños asmáticos colaboradores.

Pacientes y métodos

Se estudian 18 niños asmáticos de edad media 11,5 (límites, 6–16) años, 15/18 en tratamiento con glucocorticoides inhalados. Se realizó el TMCh según las normas de la American Thoracic Society (ATS) (1999) utilizando un nebulizador Hudson® calibrado para obtener un débito de 0,14 ml/min. Tras cada nebulización, dos observadores independientes registraron el FEV1 y la auscultación traqueal. El FEV1 se determinó mediante espirometría forzada a los 30 y 90 s posnebulización y la PC20 por interpolación exponencial. Se monitorizaron de forma continua la frecuencia respiratoria y la saturación transcutánea de oxígeno. La tráquea se auscultó los 0, 60 y 120 s posnebulización. La prueba se consideró positiva al auscultar sibilancias sobre la tráquea. Se compararon los valores de PC20 y PCw, así como la concentración de metacolina correspondiente al descenso del FEV1 igual o superior al 20 % con la PCw, mediante el test de la t de Student pareada y la prueba de Wilcoxon, y el grado de acuerdo de dichas variables con el test de Bland-Altman.

Resultados

El TMCh fue positivo en 17/18 pacientes, sin diferencias entre PC20 y PCw (p = 0,15). Ambos parámetros coincidieron en 12/17 casos. Hay una asociación evidente entre ambas medidas (log PCw, log PC20): R, 0,92; p ≤ 0,001. El descenso medio del FEV1 al alcanzar la PCw fue del 24,8 % (rango, 10–41). No se objetivaron efectos adversos en ningún caso.

Conclusión

La concordancia entre PCw y PC20 en el TMCh en niños asmáticos colaboradores es excelente, y la PCw podría evaluar la hiperreactividad bronquial en el niño no colaborador.

Palabras clave:
Metacolina
Niños
Auscultación traqueal
Función pulmonar
Hiperrespuesta bronquial
Background

PC wheezing (PCw) is defined as the concentration of methacholine at which wheeze is detected on auscultation of the trachea. PCw has been suggested as a measure of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in methacholine challenge testing (MCT).

Patients and methods

Eighteen asthmatic children with a mean age of 11.5 years (range: 6–16 years) were studied. Fifteen of the children were under treatment with inhaled glucocorticoids. MCT was performed according to the guidelines of the American Thoracic Society (1999) using a Hudson® nebulizer calibrated to obtain a mean output of 0.14 ml/min. After each nebulization, two independent observers registe red FEV1 and tracheal auscultation. FEV1 was determined by forced spirometry 30 and 90 seconds after the end of nebulization and PC20 was registered (exponential model). Respiratory rate and transcutaneous oxygen saturation were continuously monitored. Tracheal auscultation was performed at 0, 60 and 120 seconds after the end of nebulization. The end point was defined as the appearance of wheezing over the trachea. The values of PC20 and PCw, as well as the concentration of methacholine corresponding to a decrease in FEV1 equal to or higher than 20 %, were compared using Student's matched pairs t-test and Wilcoxon's test. The degree of agreement between variables was compared by using Bland-Altman's test.

Results

MCT was positive in 17 of 18 patients. No differences were found between PC20 and PCw (p = 0.15). Both variables showed agreement in 12 of 17. A clear association was found between both measures (log PCw, log PC20): R: 0.92; p ≤ 0.001. The mean decrease in FEV1 on reaching PCw was 24.8 % (range: 10–41). No adverse effects were observed.

Conclusion

The agreement between PC20 and PCw in MCT in asthmatic children is excellent. PCw could be helpful in determining bronchial hyperresponsiveness in young asthmatic children in whom spirometry is not feasible

Key words:
Methacholine
Child
Tracheal auscultation
Pulmonary function
Bronchial inhalation challenge
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