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Vol. 56. Issue 3.
Pages 241-246 (01 March 2002)
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Vol. 56. Issue 3.
Pages 241-246 (01 March 2002)
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Toxicidad de la cocaína en el recién nacido. Detección y prevalencia. Identificación de factores de susceptibilidad
Cocaine Toxicity In The Newborn. Detection And Prevalence
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A. Mur Sierra, O. García-Algar
Corresponding author
90458@imas.imim.es

Correspondencia: Dr. O. García-Algar. Sección de Neonatología. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital del Mar. P.° Marítim, 25-29. 08003 Barcelona.
, N. López Segura
Sección de Neonatología. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital del Mar
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No se conocen totalmente los efectos del uso prenatal de la cocaína en los recién nacidos y aunque en algunas series de mujeres consumidoras puras de cocaína se han descrito complicaciones graves, últimamente han aparecido publicaciones y revisiones que cuestionan algunos de los posibles efectos perjudiciales de la cocaína sobre el feto y el recién nacido.

En la actualidad el consumo de cocaína está experimentando un notable aumento en nuestro medio y en muchos países, y esto hace prever un aumento de la incidencia de los posibles efectos adversos de la droga sobre el feto y el recién nacido.

Se revisan los posibles efectos del consumo de cocaína durante el embarazo sobre el feto y el recién nacido, resaltando especialmente las alteraciones neuroconductuales que se presentan incluso si el consumo se limitó al primer trimestre de la gestación.

También se analizan los diversos biomarcadores de los que se dispone para detectar la exposición prenatal a la cocaína y finalmente, los factores de susceptibilidad, tanto farmacogenéticos como la relación dosis-respuesta.

Palabras clave:
Cocaína
Recién nacido
Embarazo
Toxicidad de la co-caína
Alteraciones neuroconductuales
Biomarcadores

The neonatal effects of fetal cocaine exposure are not completely known. Serious adverse effects have been described in several series of women consuming pure cocaine, but in recent years articles questioning some of the damaging effects of cocaine on the fetus and newborn have been published.The use of cocaine is currently increasing both in Spain and in many other countries and this will in turn lead to an increase in the incidence of fetal and neonatal adverse effects.

We review the possible effects of cocaine exposure in utero, and place particular emphasis on neurobehavioral abnormalities, which are present even when exposure is limited to the first trimester of pregnancy. We also analyze various biomarkers for cocaine detection in newborns and their mothers and, finally, we review pharmacogenetic and dose-response relation susceptibility factors.

Keywords:
Cocaine
Newborn
Pregnancy
Cocaine toxicity
Neu-robehavioral alterations
Biomarkers
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Copyright © 2002. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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