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Vol. 57. Núm. 5.
Páginas 401-407 (Noviembre 2002)
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Vol. 57. Núm. 5.
Páginas 401-407 (Noviembre 2002)
Acceso a texto completo
Epidemiología de la enfermedad invasiva neumocócica en Guipúzcoa (1981-2001)
Epidemiology of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Children in Gipuzkoa (Spain) from 1981 to 2001
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6407
L. Iglesias Sáncheza, E.G. Pérez-Yarzab, J.M.a García-Arenzanaa, A. Valiente Méndeza, E. Pérez-Tralleroa,c,
Autor para correspondencia
mikrobiol@terra.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Donostia. P.° Dr. Beguiristain, s/n. 20014 San Sebastián. España.
a Servicios de Microbiología
b Servicios de Pediatría. Hospital Donostia
c Servicios de Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Universidad del País Vasco. San Sebastián. España
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Objetivos

Evaluar las características epidemiológicas de la enfermedad invasiva neumocócica (EIN) en la población pediátrica de Guipúzcoa, la distribución de los serotipos involucrados y analizar el impacto potencial de las nuevas vacunas conjugadas.

Métodos

Estudio retrospectivo de los casos de EIN en la población infantil (< 15 años) entre 1981 y 2001. Se incluyeron los pacientes con cultivo positivo y aislamiento de Streptococcus pneumoniae en sangre, líquido cefalorraquídeo, líquido articular o líquido peritoneal.

Resultados

Se identificaron 129 episodios (30 meningitis, 39 neumonías bacteriémicas, 7 peritonitis, 1 artritis y 52 bacteriemias sin foco). La incidencia de EIN pediátrica se incrementó a lo largo del tiempo y en el período 1999-2001 fue: 12,6 casos/100.000/año en < 15 años; 34,5 en < 5 años; 48,4 en < 2 años; y 40,8 en < 2 meses. La incidencia de meningitis neumocócica fue similar en todo el período de estudio (1981-2001): 1,3 en < 15 años; 3,5 en < 5 años; 8,1 en < 2 años, y 10,2 en < 2 meses. De 1989 a 2001 la mortalidad fue del 1% (1/98 casos). Los neumococos de serotipos y serogrupos incluidos en la vacuna 7-valente fueron responsables del 60,5 y 70,9% (70,2 y 80,6% para la vacuna 9-valente; 76,6 y 87,1 % para la 11-valente). En el período 1999-2001 la resistencia a penicilina fue del 35,4% y a eritromicina del 38,7%.

Conclusiones

La incidencia de EIN aumentó en los últimos años, y presentó tasas similares a otros países europeos. Es preciso continuar la vigilancia para evaluar el impacto de las vacunas conjugadas sobre esta infección.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad invasiva
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Epidemiología
Incidencia
Mortalidad
Pediatría
Objectives

To assess the epidemiological characteristics of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children in Gipuzkoa (Spain) as well as the serotype distribution among these episodes and to analyze the potential impact of new conjugate vaccines.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study of cases of IPD in the pediatric population (< 15 years) between 1981 and 2001. Patients were included if blood, cerebrospinal, joint or peritoneal fluid isolates were culture-positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Results

One hundred twenty-nine episodes (30 meningitis, 39 bacteremic pneumonia, 7 peritonitis, 1 arthritis and 52 bacteremia without focus) were identified. The incidence of IPD in children increased throughout the study period and from 1999-2001 was 12.6 cases per 100,000/ year in children aged < 15 years, 34.5 in those < 5 years, 48.4 in those < 2 years and 40.8 in infants < 2 months. The incidence of pneumococcal meningitis was similar throughout the study period (1981-2001): 1.3 in children aged < 15 years, 3.5 in those < 5 years, 8.1 in those < 2 years and 10.2 in infants < 2 months. From 1989 to 2001 mortality was 1% (1/98 cases). The pneumococcal serotypes and serogroups present in the 7-valent vaccine accounted for 60.5 % and 70.9% of the cases (9-valent vaccine: 70.2 % and 80.6 %; 11-valent vaccine: 76.6 % and 87.2 %). From 1999-2001, penicillin resistance was 35.4% and erythromycin resistance was 38.7%.

Conclusions

The incidence of IPD in children in Gipuzkoa has increased in the last few years, with rates similar to those in other European countries. Continued surveillance is required to assess the impact of the new conjugate vaccines on this infection.

Key words::
Invasive disease
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Epidemiology
Incidence
Mortality
Pediatrics
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