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Imágenes en pediatría
Las mil y una caras de la apendicitis: torsión apendicular como etiología excepcional de abdomen agudo
The thousand and one faces of appendicitis: Appendiceal torsion as an exceptional etiology of acute abdomen
Julio César Moreno-Alfonsoa,
Autor para correspondencia
juliomoreno.md@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, Sharom Barbosa-Velásquezb, Ada Molina Caballeroa, Alberto Pérez Martíneza
a Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, España
b Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Álava, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, España
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Var&#243;n de 3 a&#241;os con 72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h de dolor abdominal intermitente&#44; fiebre de 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h y v&#243;mitos autolimitados&#59; asociaba episodios de llanto&#44; encogimiento de piernas y diaforesis&#46; El abdomen era difusamente doloroso y dif&#237;cilmente valorable&#46; La ecograf&#237;a tuvo escasa rentabilidad por poca cooperaci&#243;n&#44; sin identificar el ap&#233;ndice ni signos inflamatorios&#46; La anal&#237;tica mostr&#243; leucocitosis &#40;20&#46;500&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#41;&#44; PCT 0&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml y PCR 61<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;l&#46; Ante el dolor abdominal de etiolog&#237;a no filiada&#44; y sin poder descartar una causa quir&#250;rgica&#44; ingres&#243; en observaci&#243;n&#46; Por persistencia sintom&#225;tica se repiti&#243; la anal&#237;tica 14<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h despu&#233;s identificando menos leucocitosis &#40;19&#46;100&#41;&#44; descenso de PCT &#40;0&#44;3&#41;&#44; aunque ligera elevaci&#243;n de PCR &#40;69&#41;&#46; Una nueva ecograf&#237;a mostr&#243; un ap&#233;ndice de hasta 11<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41; y la cirug&#237;a revel&#243; un plastr&#243;n no purulento conteniendo un ap&#233;ndice torsionado que fue resecado&#46; Los hallazgos operatorios se muestran en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">figura 2</a> y se ilustran en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">figura 3</a>&#46; La evoluci&#243;n postoperatoria fue favorable&#44; d&#225;ndose el alta 5 d&#237;as despu&#233;s&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El giro del ap&#233;ndice sobre su eje longitudinal con obstrucci&#243;n vascular y luminal&#44; se denomina v&#243;lvulo o torsi&#243;n apendicular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; Su incidencia es desconocida con menos de 80 casos reportados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; Cl&#237;nicamente es indistinguible de una apendicitis cl&#225;sica&#44; aunque la ausencia de signos infecciosos podr&#237;a hacer sospechar torsi&#243;n&#44; pues es un fen&#243;meno isqu&#233;mico m&#225;s que s&#233;ptico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Este caso ilustra la diversidad de la afecci&#243;n apendicular y enriquece la literatura en una presentaci&#243;n excepcional de la apendicitis&#46;</p></span>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Durante el abordaje transumbilical video-asistido se apreci&#243; escasa cantidad de l&#237;quido seroso y un plastr&#243;n inflamatorio no purulento adherido a la pared abdominal anterior&#44; conteniendo el ap&#233;ndice cecal&#46; Al exteriorizar el &#243;rgano se evidenci&#243; una torsi&#243;n apendicular de 360&#176; en sentido horario a 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm de la base&#44; que condicionaba una zona de cambio de calibre y coloraci&#243;n &#40;flecha&#41;&#46; Distal a este punto&#44; el ap&#233;ndice ten&#237;a un aspecto gangrenoso-viol&#225;ceo&#44; tenso y con intensa ingurgitaci&#243;n venosa&#44; aunque sin reacci&#243;n purulenta ni perforaci&#243;n macrosc&#243;pica&#46; Sin embargo&#44; en el &#225;rea proximal al punto de torsi&#243;n&#44; tanto el ap&#233;ndice como su mesenterio presentaban un aspecto normal&#46; La histopatolog&#237;a inform&#243; de apendicitis gangrenosa y &#225;reas hemorr&#225;gicas&#46;</p>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ilustraci&#243;n que representa el punto de la torsi&#243;n axial y en bloque del ap&#233;ndice cecal con sus estructuras vasculares&#44; lo que condiciona una obstrucci&#243;n de la luz apendicular &#40;1&#41;&#44; de los vasos venosos con importante ingurgitaci&#243;n vascular &#40;2&#41; y de la arteria apendicular con anulaci&#243;n de la irrigaci&#243;n&#44; &#171;isquemia blanca&#187; y necrosis consecuente &#40;3&#41;&#46;</p> <p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fuente&#58; Elaboraci&#243;n propia del autor de correspondencia&#46;</p>"
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                      "titulo" => "Torsion of cecal appendix&#46; Report of the first Italian case and review of the literature"
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                      "titulo" => "Vermiform appendix torsion complicated by postoperative venous pylephlebitis&#58; A case report and review of literature"
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                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
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                            4 => "S&#46; Garc&#237;a"
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                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.anpedi.2017.01.006"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "An Pediatr &#40;Engl Ed&#41;"
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ISSN: 16954033
Idioma original: Español
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