Información de la revista
Vol. 53. Núm. 4.
Páginas 339-345 (Octubre 2000)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 53. Núm. 4.
Páginas 339-345 (Octubre 2000)
Acceso a texto completo
Influencia del hábito tabáquico familiar en la hospitalización infantil por enfermedades respiratorias en los dos primeros años de vida
Influence of parental smoking on pediatric hospitalization for respiratory illness among children aged less than 2 years
Visitas
5439
M.R. Pardo Crespoa,b,
Autor para correspondencia
erodrigo@mundivia.es

Correspondencia: Cátedra de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Cantabria. Avda. Cardenal Herrera Oria, s/n. 39011 Santander.
, R. Pérez Iglesiasa, J. Llorcab, E. Rodrigo Calabiab, L. Álvarez Grandaa, M. Delgado-Rodríguezb,c
a Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla.
b Cátedra de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Universidad de Cantabria.
c Cátedra de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Universidad de Jaén.
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Objetivo

Determinar si el consumo de tabaco familiar se comporta como un factor de riesgo para la hospitalización in-fantil en los dos primeros años de vida.

Material y métodos

Estudio de casos-referencia en el que los casos estuvieron formados por el 40% de los niños menores de 2 años hospitalizados en plantas de neonatal o pediátricas (n = 392). La población de referencia fue el 15% de los recién nacidos vivos en dicho hospital (n = 493). La recogida de información se realizó mediante entrevista personal a ambas poblaciones y entrevista telefónica o por carta, durante el año siguiente a la primera entrevista, a la población de referencia. El período de estudio abarcó de abril de 1995 a mayo de 1996.

Resultados

Se observó un aumento significativo del riesgo de hospitalización por enfermedades respiratorias de vías bajas cuando la madre fuma (RR ajustado: 1,79; IC del 95%: 1,03-3,11). Se apreció un aumento del riesgo de hospitalización por enfermedades de vías respiratorias altas o bajas, de vías respiratorias bajas y por bronquiolitis cuando el consumo de cigarrillos materno era mayor de 19 cigarrillos al día. Dichos resultados fueron ajustados por factores de confusión, como edad de los padres, etnia, educación materna, clase social, lactancia materna e ingreso al nacimiento.

Conclusiones

El hábito tabáquico familiar, más concretamente el materno, influye sobre la salud del niño durante los dos primeros años de vida, determinando un aumento del riesgo de hospitalización por enfermedades de vías respiratorias.

Key words:
Passive smoking
Infants
Hospitalization
Respiratory illness
Palabras clave:
Fumador pasivo
Niños
Hospitalización
Enfermedad respiratoria
Aim

To determine whether parental smoking increased the risk of hospitalization among children aged less than 2 years.

Design

Case-reference study conducted from April 1995-May 1996. The group of cases was composed of 40% of all the children aged 2 years or less years admitted to our hospital (n = 392). The reference population was composed of 15% of the live newborns in the same the hospital (n = 493). The information was obtained by face-to-face interview after delivery in both populations and by telephone interview or postal survey and was completed in the reference population one year after delivery.

Results

Maternal smoking increased the risk of hospitalization for lower respiratory illness (adjusted RR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.03-3.11). Moreover, the risk of hospitalization for upper or lower respiratory illness, lower respiratory illness and bronchiolitis was increased when the mother smoked more than 19 cigarettes per day. The results were adjusted for confounding factors such as parental age, ethnic group, maternal education, social class, breastfeeding and hospitalization of the newborn.

Conclusions

Parental smoking, specifically maternal smoking, affects children's health, increasing the risk of hospitalization for respiratory illness in the first 2 years of life.

El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
F.A. Pedreira, V.L. Guandolo, E.J. Feroli, G.W. Mella, I.P. Weiss.
Involuntary smoking and incidence of respiratory illness during the first year of life.
Pediatrics, 75 (1985), pp. 594-597
[2.]
R.J. Rona, S. Chinn.
Lung function, respiratory illness, and passive smoking in British primary school children.
Thorax, 48 (1993), pp. 21-25
[3.]
D.G. Cook, D.P. Strachan.
Parental smoking and prevalence of respiratory symptoms and asthma in school age children.
Thorax, 52 (1997), pp. 1081-1094
[4.]
US DHHS. Public Health Service, (1986),
[5.]
American Thoratic Society. Health effects of smoking on children.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 132 (1985), pp. 1137-1139
[6.]
J.R. DiFranza, R.A. Lew.
Mortality in children associated with the use of tobacco products by other people.
Pediatrics, 97 (1996), pp. 560-568
[7.]
J.C. Kleinman, J.H. Madans.
The effects of maternal smoking, physical stature, and educational attaiment on the incidence of birth weight.
Am J Epidemiol, 121 (1985), pp. 843-855
[8.]
B. Backe.
Maternal smoking and age. Effect on birthweight and risk for small-for-gestational age births.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 72 (1993), pp. 172-176
[9.]
A.J. Wilcox.
Birth weight and perinatal mortality: the effect of maternal smoking.
Am J Epidemiol, 137 (1993), pp. 1098-1104
[10.]
C.G. Bakoula, Y.J. Kafritsa, G.D. Kavadias, D.D. Lazopoulu, M.C. Theodoridou, K.P. Maravelias, et al.
Objective passive-smoking indicators and respiratory morbidity in young children.
Lan-cet, 346 (1995), pp. 280-281
[11.]
J.L. Ey, C.J. Holberg, M.B. Aldous, A.L. Wright, F.D. Martínez, L.M. Taussig.
Group Health Medical Associates. Passive smoke exposure and otitis media in the first year of life.
Pediatrics, 95 (1995), pp. 670-677
[12.]
C. Jin, A.M. Rossignol.
Effects of passive smoking on respiratory illness from birth to age eighteen months, in Shanghai, people’s Republic of China.
J Pediatr, 123 (1993), pp. 553-558
[13.]
B.A. Lashner, N.J. Shaheen, S.B. Hanauer, B.S. Kirschner.
Passive smoking is associated with an increased risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease in children.
Am J Gastroenterol, 88 (1993), pp. 356-359
[14.]
A.G. Dean, J.A. Dean, D. Coulumbier, K.A. Brendel, D.C. Smith, A.H. Burton.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (1994),
[15.]
SG, (1995),
[16.]
Instituto Nacional de la Salud. Servicio de publicaciones, (1989),
[17.]
E.G. Shouten, J.M. Dekker, F.J. Kok, S. Le Cassie, H.C. Van Houwelingen, J. Pool, et al.
Risk ratio and rate estimation in casecohort desings: hypertension-cardiovascular mortality.
Stat Med, 12 (1993), pp. 1733-1745
[18.]
S. Greenland, R.M. Mickey.
The impact of confounder selection criteria on effect estimation.
Am J Epidemiol, 130 (1989), pp. 1066
[19.]
W.J. Dixon.
University of California Press, (1992),
[20.]
S. Harlap, A.M. Davies.
Infant admissions to hospital and maternal smoking.
Lancet, 1 (1974), pp. 529-532
[21.]
P. Rantakallio.
Relationship of maternal smoking to morbidity and mortality of the child up to the age of five.
Acta Paediatr Scand, 67 (1978), pp. 621-631
[22.]
S.A. Ogston, C.V. Florey, C.H.M. Walker.
The Tayside infant morbidity and mortality study: effect in health of using gas for cooking.
Bmj, 290 (1985), pp. 957-960
[23.]
Y. Chen, W. Li, S. Yu.
Influence of passive smoking on admissions for respiratory illness in early childhood.
Bmj, 293 (1986), pp. 303-306
[24.]
Y. Chen.
Synergistic effect of passive smoking and artificial feeding on hospitalization for respiratory illness in early childhood.
Chest, 95 (1989), pp. 1004-1007
[25.]
Y. Chen.
Environmental tobacco smoke, low birth weight, and hospitalization for respiratory disease.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 150 (1994), pp. 54-58
[26.]
E.E. Ekwo, M.M. Weinberger, P.A. Lachenbruch, W.H. Huntley.
Relationship of parental smoking and gas cooking to respiratory disease in children.
Chest, 84 (1983), pp. 662-668
[27.]
J.S. Li, J.K. Peat, W. Xuan, G. Berry.
Meta-analysis on the association between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and the prevalence of lower respiratory tract infection in early childhood.
Pediatr Pulmonol, 27 (1999), pp. 5-13
[28.]
B. Taylor, J. Wadsworth.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and lower respiratory tract illnes in early life.
Arch Dis Child, 62 (1987), pp. 786-791
[29.]
D.G. Sims, M.A.P.S. Downham, P.S. Gardner, J.K.G. Webb, D. Weightman.
Study of 8-year-old children with a history of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy.
Bmj, 1 (1978), pp. 11-14
[30.]
C.B. Hall, W.J. Hall, C.L. Gala, F.B. MaGill, J.P. Leddy.
Longterm prospective study in children after respiratory syncytial virus infection.
J Pediatr, 105 (1984), pp. 358-364
[31.]
F. Alba Moreno, J. Alsina Donadeu.
Estudio clínico epidemiológico de las enfermedades del tracto respiratorio inferior con sibilancias en menores de 2 años y factores de riesgo asociados.
An Esp Pediatr, 50 (1999), pp. 379-383
[32.]
A.C. Reese, I.R. James, L.I. Landau, P.N. Lesouëf.
Relationship between urinary cotinine level and diagnosis in children admitted to hospital.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 146 (1992), pp. 66-70
[33.]
D.P. Strachan, D.G. Cook.
Parental smoking and lower respiratory illness in infancy and early childhood.
Thorax, 52 (1997), pp. 905-914
Copyright © 2002. Asociación Española de Pediatría
Idiomas
Anales de Pediatría
Opciones de artículo
Herramientas
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?