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        "resumen" => "<span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Antecedentes</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las mordeduras de perro en ni&#241;os contin&#250;an recibiendo una atenci&#243;n especial por parte de los medios de comunicaci&#243;n&#44; sobre todo con respecto al control de ciertas razas catalogadas como agresivas&#46; Se estima que alrededor del 1 &#37; de las atenciones urgentes a ni&#241;os en edad escolar se deben a mordeduras de perro y el 75 &#37; de las agresiones por perros suceden en ni&#241;os&#46; Si bien la mayor&#237;a de estas mordeduras no producen lesiones graves&#44; el 20&#8211;45&#37; de los ni&#241;os menores de 15 a&#241;os refieren haber sido mordidos por un perro durante su infancia&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Detallar la naturaleza real del problema en nuestra poblaci&#243;n para poder determinar las medidas preventivas prehospitalarias id&#243;neas que disminuyan la incidencia de este proceso&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Desde el a&#241;o 1991 hasta el a&#241;o 2000 se recogieron de forma retrospectiva las historias de los pacientes con lesiones causadas por mordeduras de perro atendidas de forma urgente en el Hospital Infantil Teresa Herrera del Complexo Hospitalario Juan Canalejo de La Coru&#241;a&#46; Para ello se cre&#243; un registro de pacientes en el cual figuraban datos acerca de la edad y el sexo del ni&#241;o&#44; la raza del perro&#44; la relaci&#243;n del animal con el ni&#241;o&#44; la localizaci&#243;n de las lesiones&#44; la naturaleza del ataque&#44; las secuelas probables&#44; la necesidad de hospitalizaci&#243;n y las complicaciones aparecidas en su tratamiento&#46; El estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los datos no param&#233;tricos se hizo con el test de la chi cuadrado &#40;&#967;2&#41; de Pearson&#46; Se estim&#243; el <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span> con un intervalo de confianza del 95 &#37; &#40;0&#44;05&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En el per&#237;odo de 10 a&#241;os comprendido entre enero de 1991 y diciembre de 2000 fueron atendidos 654 casos de agresiones por perros en pacientes menores de 14 a&#241;os&#46;La edad media de los pacientes fue de 5&#44;09 a&#241;os&#44; con una predilecci&#243;n por los ni&#241;os respecto a las ni&#241;as &#40;2&#44;75&#47;1&#41;&#46; En el 79 &#37; de los casos el perro era conocido &#40;familia&#44; amigos&#44; vecinos&#41;&#46; El 38&#37; de los ataques fueron debidos a perros de raza pastor alem&#225;n y el 35&#37; a razas cruzadas&#46; El 65 &#37; de las lesiones se localizaron en cabeza y cuello&#44; sobre todo en aquellos casos de pacientes menores de 4 a&#241;os&#46; Las agresiones fueron graves en el 5 &#37;&#46; Ingresaron en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pedi&#225;trica &#40;UCIP&#41; 13 pacientes&#46; Precisaron hospitalizaci&#243;n 98 pacientes por las caracter&#237;sticas de las lesiones&#44; con una estancia media de 6 d&#237;as&#46; Se presentaron complicaciones infecciosas en 32 casos&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las lesiones debidas a mordeduras de perro en ni&#241;os de nuestro medio si bien no suelen ser graves&#44; pueden producir secuelas est&#233;ticas faciales importantes&#46; La alta incidencia de este problema en nuestra comunidad obliga a abordar en un debate social una serie de medidas de prevenci&#243;n y concienciaci&#243;n&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dog bites to children have increasingly come to the forefront of public attention in recent years&#44; especially attacks by certain breeds classified as aggressive&#46; Dog bites account for approximately 1 &#37; of all emergency pediatric department visits and 75 &#37; of these bites occur in children&#46; Although these lesions are rarely serious&#44; 20&#8211;45 &#37; of children under the age of 15 years have been bitten&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To analyze the reality of this problem in our population in order to determine the ideal prehospital preventive measures that would reduce the incidence of dog bites&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Materials and methods</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A retrospective study of children with dog bites who received emergency treatment in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hospital Infantil Teresa Herrera of the Complejo Hospitalario Juan Canalejo</span> in La Coru&#241;a&#44; Spain&#44; between 1991 and 2000 was undertaken&#46; A register of patients was created that included data on age and sex of the children&#44; the race of the dog&#44; the relationship between the child and the animal&#44; characteristics of the injuries&#44; circumstances of the attack&#44; probable sequelae&#44; need for hospital admission and complications during treatment&#46; Nonparametric data were analyzed using Pearson&#8217;s &#967;2 test&#46; The Ox ratio was estimated with a 95 &#37; confidence interval &#40;0&#46;05&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In the 10-year period between January 1991 and December 2000&#44; 654 patients under the age of 14 years were treated for dog bite-related injuries&#46; The mean age was 5&#46;09 years&#46; A greater number of boys had been bitten than girls &#40;2&#46;75&#47;1&#41;&#46; In 79&#37; of the cases the dogs were known &#40;family&#44; friends&#44; neighbors&#41;&#46; Thirty-eight percent of the attacks were made by German Shepherds and 35&#37; by crossed breeds&#46; Sixty-five percent of the bites were located on the head&#44; face and neck&#44; especially in patients aged less than 4 years&#46; Five percent of the lesions were severe&#46; Thirteen patients were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit and 98 patients required hospitalization due to the characteristics of the injuries&#46; The mean hospital stay was 6 days&#46; Infectious complications occurred in 32 patients&#46;</p></span> <span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Although dog bite-related injuries to children in our community are rarely serious&#44; they can produce important facial cosmetic sequelae&#46; The high incidence of these lesions indicates the need for preventive measures and public policy strategies&#46;</p></span>"
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Vol. 56. Núm. 5.
Páginas 425-429 (mayo 2002)
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Vol. 56. Núm. 5.
Páginas 425-429 (mayo 2002)
Acceso a texto completo
Mordeduras de perro. Análisis de 654 casos en 10 años
Dog bite-related injuries treated in a pediatric surgery department: Analysis of 654 cases in 10 years
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10546
R. Méndez Gallart
Autor para correspondencia
rmendez@canalejo.org

Correspondencia: Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica. Hospital Materno-Infantil Teresa Herrera. Complejo Hospitalario Juan Canalejo.As Xubias, 84. 15006 A Coruña.
, M. Gómez Tellado, I. Somoza Argibay, J. Liras Muñoz, E. Pais Piñeiro, D. Vela Nieto
Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica. Hospital Materno-Infantil Teresa Herrera. Complejo Hospitalario Juan Canalejo. La Coruña
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Información del artículo
Antecedentes

Las mordeduras de perro en niños continúan recibiendo una atención especial por parte de los medios de comunicación, sobre todo con respecto al control de ciertas razas catalogadas como agresivas. Se estima que alrededor del 1 % de las atenciones urgentes a niños en edad escolar se deben a mordeduras de perro y el 75 % de las agresiones por perros suceden en niños. Si bien la mayoría de estas mordeduras no producen lesiones graves, el 20–45% de los niños menores de 15 años refieren haber sido mordidos por un perro durante su infancia.

Objetivo

Detallar la naturaleza real del problema en nuestra población para poder determinar las medidas preventivas prehospitalarias idóneas que disminuyan la incidencia de este proceso.

Material y métodos

Desde el año 1991 hasta el año 2000 se recogieron de forma retrospectiva las historias de los pacientes con lesiones causadas por mordeduras de perro atendidas de forma urgente en el Hospital Infantil Teresa Herrera del Complexo Hospitalario Juan Canalejo de La Coruña. Para ello se creó un registro de pacientes en el cual figuraban datos acerca de la edad y el sexo del niño, la raza del perro, la relación del animal con el niño, la localización de las lesiones, la naturaleza del ataque, las secuelas probables, la necesidad de hospitalización y las complicaciones aparecidas en su tratamiento. El estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los datos no paramétricos se hizo con el test de la chi cuadrado (χ2) de Pearson. Se estimó el odds ratio con un intervalo de confianza del 95 % (0,05).

Resultados

En el período de 10 años comprendido entre enero de 1991 y diciembre de 2000 fueron atendidos 654 casos de agresiones por perros en pacientes menores de 14 años.La edad media de los pacientes fue de 5,09 años, con una predilección por los niños respecto a las niñas (2,75/1). En el 79 % de los casos el perro era conocido (familia, amigos, vecinos). El 38% de los ataques fueron debidos a perros de raza pastor alemán y el 35% a razas cruzadas. El 65 % de las lesiones se localizaron en cabeza y cuello, sobre todo en aquellos casos de pacientes menores de 4 años. Las agresiones fueron graves en el 5 %. Ingresaron en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátrica (UCIP) 13 pacientes. Precisaron hospitalización 98 pacientes por las características de las lesiones, con una estancia media de 6 días. Se presentaron complicaciones infecciosas en 32 casos.

Conclusiones

Las lesiones debidas a mordeduras de perro en niños de nuestro medio si bien no suelen ser graves, pueden producir secuelas estéticas faciales importantes. La alta incidencia de este problema en nuestra comunidad obliga a abordar en un debate social una serie de medidas de prevención y concienciación.

Palabras clave:
Mordeduras de perro
Niños
Background

Dog bites to children have increasingly come to the forefront of public attention in recent years, especially attacks by certain breeds classified as aggressive. Dog bites account for approximately 1 % of all emergency pediatric department visits and 75 % of these bites occur in children. Although these lesions are rarely serious, 20–45 % of children under the age of 15 years have been bitten.

Objective

To analyze the reality of this problem in our population in order to determine the ideal prehospital preventive measures that would reduce the incidence of dog bites.

Materials and methods

A retrospective study of children with dog bites who received emergency treatment in the Hospital Infantil Teresa Herrera of the Complejo Hospitalario Juan Canalejo in La Coruña, Spain, between 1991 and 2000 was undertaken. A register of patients was created that included data on age and sex of the children, the race of the dog, the relationship between the child and the animal, characteristics of the injuries, circumstances of the attack, probable sequelae, need for hospital admission and complications during treatment. Nonparametric data were analyzed using Pearson’s χ2 test. The Ox ratio was estimated with a 95 % confidence interval (0.05).

Results

In the 10-year period between January 1991 and December 2000, 654 patients under the age of 14 years were treated for dog bite-related injuries. The mean age was 5.09 years. A greater number of boys had been bitten than girls (2.75/1). In 79% of the cases the dogs were known (family, friends, neighbors). Thirty-eight percent of the attacks were made by German Shepherds and 35% by crossed breeds. Sixty-five percent of the bites were located on the head, face and neck, especially in patients aged less than 4 years. Five percent of the lesions were severe. Thirteen patients were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit and 98 patients required hospitalization due to the characteristics of the injuries. The mean hospital stay was 6 days. Infectious complications occurred in 32 patients.

Conclusions

Although dog bite-related injuries to children in our community are rarely serious, they can produce important facial cosmetic sequelae. The high incidence of these lesions indicates the need for preventive measures and public policy strategies.

Key words:
Dog bites
Children
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